ABSTRACT
Demodex is one of the most common parasites in the human body. It can be classified into demodex folliculorum and demodex brevis based on the parasitic sites. It is an opportunistic pathogenic microorganism, and clinical symptoms may not appear in part of infected people, but the parasite can cause multiple common ocular diseases represented by blepharitis. Its typical symptoms include dry eyes, foreign body sensation in eyes, secretion attached to eyelashes, and ocular surface irritation. The diagnosis of demodex blepharitis should be based on the clinical manifestations and the results of etiological tests. The treatment is related to many kinds of drugs including plant essential oil and physical therapy. At present, diagnosing and treating demodex blepharitis is increasingly sophisticated, but the relationship between demodex infection and its pathogenicity remains unclear. This paper summarizes the current characteristics of demodex and the clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment, and existing issues of demodex blepharitis, hoping to provide a reference for future studies in demodex.
ABSTRACT
Objective Based on the previous researches of hepatic blood vessel perfusion, using dynamic methods to study and simulate the dynamic behavior of fluid and mechanical properties of vascular wall during perfusion of defected liver (blocked or with foreign matter), and investigate the variation patterns and influencing parameters during liver perfusion. Methods On the basis of medical image data, both the liver straight and bend vessel models were constructed. A mathematics method was proposed to estimate the perfusion speed and simulate the flow of intravascular perfusion liquid. Under the condition of fluid-solid coupling, the mechanical properties of vascular wall were analyzed, and the optimization of perfusion parameters under multiple-coupling condition was suggested. Results When the vascular diameter of the liver changed (such as vascular spasm) or in the case of vascular thrombosis, the hydrodynamic behaviors in blood vessel during liver perfusion were as following: (1) The deformation in the first half part was much more serious than that in the second half part of blood vessel with different blocked degrees. (2) Under the same perfusion condition, the deformation in bend vessel was much larger than that in straight vessel. Conclusions The simulation results show that the proposed estimation method for perfusion speed is feasible, and the results of liquid-solid coupling analysis on both hydrodynamic behavior of fluid inside blood vessel and mechanical properties of vascular wall during simulated liver perfusion accord with the medical practice. The parameters influence vascular wall differently as follows: the blocked degree of blood vessels＞ the shape of blood vessels ＞ the location of foreign matter. The optimal parameter values during liver perfusion are also obtained under the condition of fluid-solid-heat coupling field.
ABSTRACT
Pulmonary infection after renal transplantation is a well recognized and prevalent postoperative complication, which can occur at either the early stage or late stage after transplantation. The etiology and this phenomenon and its impacts remains unclear. It may be life-threatening in severe patients. Early diagnosis and treatment are important; meanwhile, the dosage of immunosuppressant should be minimized. Prophylactic management should also be emphasized.
Subject(s)
Humans , Kidney Transplantation , Pneumonia , Diagnosis , Therapeutics , Postoperative Complications , Diagnosis , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>A liver support therapy, named molecular adsorbents recirculating system (MARS), has been used for more than 700 liver failure patients in China. We made here a summary to evaluate the effects of MARS treatment in different applications with emphasis on hepatitis B virus (HBV) based liver failure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This report analyzed data of 252 patients (mean age (44.9+/- 12.7) years) in three groups: acute severe hepatitis (ASH), subacute severe hepatitis (SSH) and chronic severe hepatitis (CSH). The largest group was CSH (156 patients, 61.9%), and 188 patients (74.6%, 188/252) were infected with HBV.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>MARS treatments were associated with significant reduction of albumin bound toxins and water-soluble toxins. Most of the patients showed a positive response with a significant improvement of multiple organ function substantiated by a significant increase in prothrombin time activity (PTA) and median arterial pressure (MAP). There was a decrease in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) grade and Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) scale. Thirty-nine of 188 HBV patients (20.7%) dropped out of the commendatory consecutive therapy ending with lower survival of 43.6% while the rest of the 149 patients had a survival rate of 62.4%. Survival within the ASH and SSH groups were 81.2% and 75.0%, respectively. In the CSH group, end stage patients were predominant (65/151, 43%), whereas the early and middle stage patients had a better prognosis: early stage survival, including orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) survival of 91.7%, middle stage survival of 75%, end stage survival of 33.8%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>MARS continues to be the most favorable extracorporeal treatment for liver support therapy in China for a wide range of conditions, including the majority of hepatitis B related liver failure conditions. The appropriate application of MARS for the right indications and stage of hepatic failure, as well as the fulfillment of prescribed treatments, will lead to the optimal therapeutic result.</p>